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Nor did this imply only the native welfare of the papacy, the great order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are found in any one narrative, there is no good reason for doubting their common accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, etc., Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the well-known letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (during which the previous recognizes fully the papal origin of his personal imperial dignity), and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, the pope approached him, placed upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the historical manner, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, whereas the Romans present burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the sooner goodwill and assist of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, authentic heir of the imperial title (he nonetheless referred to as himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was officially New Rome) had lengthy proved incapable of preserving his authority within the Italian peninsula.

However, the occasion of Christmas Day, 800, was long resented at Constantinople, the place eventually the successor of Charles was often known as "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", however never "Roman Emperor". However, there seems no motive to doubt that for some time earlier the elevation of Charles had been mentioned, أسعار الذهب في الكويت both at residence and at Rome, especially in view of two facts: the scandalous condition of the imperial authorities at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian house. It could also be noted here that the chroniclers of the ninth century deal with as "restitution" to St. Peter the varied cessions and grants of cities and territory made at this interval by the Carolingian rulers inside the boundaries of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it to add here that while the imperial consecration made him in concept, what he was already in actual fact, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, because it were, in the Carolingian line the majesty of ancient Rome, it also lifted Charles directly to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and specifically of its head, the Roman Church.

Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); also that after the ceremony he made very rich gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the same day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the younger Charles, son of the emperor and at the moment probably destined to succeed in the imperial dignity. Leo was despatched back to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, completely frightened and unable to persuade Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi sent Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders towards Pope Leo, to the king, to be handled on the royal pleasure. Charles, it is true, سعر الذهب اليوم في الكويت after his imperial consecration exercised practically at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he significantly omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made at the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It is to be famous that on this public division of his estate he made no provision for the imperial title, also that he committed to all three sons "the defence and safety of the Roman Church".

In any case, since the Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; therefore, other than its effect on his shadowy claim to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This determination produced a domino impact. In reality this Roman patriciate, both underneath Pepin and Charles, was not more than a excessive protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose local independence, both earlier than and after the coronation of Charles, is historically sure, even apart from the aforesaid imperial charters. It's certain that Charles always attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, made recognized of course by means of the company of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, gold price in "Capitularia", ed. Charles obtained the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long before this event Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the safety of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all within the temporal authority which it had progressively acquired (notably in the previous Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by just titles within the course of the two preceding centuries.

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