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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes that organisms go through can cause them to develop over time. This includes the development of new species as well as the transformation of the appearance of existing species.

This has been demonstrated by many examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can thrive in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect species that have a preference for particular host plants. These reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for many centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection is the best-established explanation. This happens when those who are better adapted have more success in reproduction and survival than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a community of well-adapted individuals increases and eventually forms a whole new species.

Natural selection is a cyclical process that involves the interaction of three elements: variation, inheritance and 에볼루션 코리아 (timis-shop.Ru) reproduction. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance is the term used to describe the transmission of a person's genetic characteristics, which includes both dominant and recessive genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring. This can be accomplished via sexual or asexual methods.

All of these variables have to be in equilibrium for natural selection to occur. If, for example the dominant gene allele makes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive gene allele then the dominant allele is more prevalent in a group. However, if the gene confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. This process is self-reinforcing, which means that an organism that has an adaptive trait will survive and reproduce much more than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism produces the better its fitness, which is measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive. People with good traits, like the long neck of the giraffe, or bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only a force for populations, not individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or disuse. For example, 에볼루션 게이밍 if a animal's neck is lengthened by stretching to reach prey and 에볼루션 사이트 its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe is no longer able to breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles of the same gene are randomly distributed within a population. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated through natural selection), and the rest of the alleles will drop in frequency. In the extreme it can lead to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small group it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This is called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that takes place when a large number of individuals migrate to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck may occur when the survivors of a catastrophe like an epidemic or mass hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The survivors will carry an dominant allele, and will have the same phenotype. This can be caused by war, earthquakes or even plagues. Regardless of the cause the genetically distinct group that remains could be prone to genetic drift.

Walsh, Lewens, and Ariew utilize a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any departure from the expected values for differences in fitness. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical, have identical phenotypes, and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift could be crucial in the evolution of the species. But, it's not the only way to evolve. The most common alternative is to use a process known as natural selection, in which the phenotypic variation of the population is maintained through mutation and migration.

Stephens claims that there is a huge difference between treating drift like an actual cause or force, and treating other causes such as migration and selection mutation as causes and forces. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift permits us to differentiate it from the other forces, and this distinction is essential. He also claims that drift has a direction, that is it tends to reduce heterozygosity. He also claims that it also has a magnitude, that is determined by population size.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are frequently exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is often known as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms through the inheritance of characteristics which result from the natural activities of an organism usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with a picture of a giraffe that extends its neck longer to reach the higher branches in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to offspring, which then become taller.

Lamarck Lamarck, a French zoologist, presented a revolutionary concept in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged previous thinking on organic transformation. In his view, living things had evolved from inanimate matter via a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest this but he was considered to be the first to give the subject a comprehensive and general explanation.

The prevailing story is that Lamarckism grew into an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection, and that the two theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed, leading to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired characteristics can be acquired through inheritance and instead, it argues that organisms develop through the action of environmental factors, including natural selection.

While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries paid lip-service to this notion, it was never a central element in any of their theories about evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never scientifically validated.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics there is a huge amount of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is just as valid as the more well-known Neo-Darwinian theory.

Evolution by the process of adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is its being driven by a fight for survival. This view is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for existence is better described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment. This may include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.

To understand how evolution works it is beneficial to understand what is adaptation. It refers to a specific feature that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. It can be a physiological structure like feathers or fur or a behavior, such as moving into the shade in hot weather or coming out at night to avoid the cold.

The capacity of an organism to draw energy from its environment and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environment, is crucial to its survival. The organism needs to have the right genes to create offspring, and it must be able to locate enough food and other resources. The organism should also be able to reproduce at a rate that is optimal for its niche.

These elements, 에볼루션코리아 along with gene flow and mutations, can lead to a shift in the proportion of different alleles in the population's gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequencies could lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species.

A lot of the traits we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from the air, 에볼루션 바카라 무료 fur and feathers as insulation long legs to run away from predators and 에볼루션코리아 camouflage to conceal. However, a proper understanding of adaptation requires attention to the distinction between behavioral and physiological traits.

Physical characteristics like thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavioral adaptations are not an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek companionship or retreat into shade in hot weather. It is important to keep in mind that lack of planning does not make an adaptation. In fact, failure to consider the consequences of a choice can render it ineffective even though it might appear sensible or even necessary.