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Latest Depression Treatments

If your depression doesn't get better through psychotherapy and antidepressants new medications that work quickly may be able treat treatment-resistant depression.

SSRIs are the most common and well-known antidepressants. They work by altering the way that the brain processes serotonin, an important chemical messenger.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavior therapy, helps you to change negative thoughts and behavior such as hopelessness. The NHS offers 8 to 16 sessions.

1. Esketamine

In March 2019, the FDA approved a new nasal spray for depression called esketamine. (Brand name Spravato). It is derived from the anesthetic the ketamine treatment for depression. It has been proven to be effective in severe depression. The nasal spray is used in conjunction with an oral antidepressant in order to combat depression treatment guidelines that has not responded to standard medication. In one study 70 percent of patients with treatment-resistant depression who were given the drug responded well with a much greater response rate than just an oral antidepressant.

Esketamine is different from traditional antidepressants. It raises levels of naturally occurring chemicals in the brain, referred to as neurotransmitters, that relay messages between brain cells. The effects aren't immediate. Patients usually feel better after a few days, but the effects last longer than SSRIs and SNRIs.

Researchers believe that esketamine reduces symptoms of depression by strengthening the connections between brain cells. In animal studies, esketamine reversed the breakdown of these connections that could be found in chronic stress and depression. It also appears to boost the development of neurons that aid in reducing suicidal thoughts and feelings.

Another reason esketamine stands out from other antidepressants is the fact that it is delivered via a nasal spray that allows it to get into the bloodstream much faster than a pill or oral medication would. The drug has been proven by studies to reduce depression symptoms within a couple of hours. In some instances the effects can be immediate.

However the results of a study that followed patients for 16 weeks showed that not everyone who started treatment with esketamine remained in Remission. This is a bit disappointing, but not surprising, according to Dr. Amit Anand, an expert on ketamine but not part of the study.

Esketamine is currently only available through an experimental clinical trial program or private practice. It is not considered a first-line treatment for depression and is typically prescribed when SSRIs or SNRIs have not performed for a person suffering from treatment-resistant depression. The doctor can determine whether the condition is resistant to treatment and then decide whether esketamine could be beneficial.

2. TMS

TMS uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. It is non-invasive, doesn't require anesthesia or surgery, and has been proven to improve depression in those who don't respond to psychotherapy or medication. It is also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and tinnitus (ringing in the ear).

TMS therapy for depression is usually given in a series of 36 daily treatments spread out over six weeks. The magnetic pulses may feel like pinpricks in the scalp. It may take some time to become accustomed to. After a treatment, patients can return to work or at home. Based on the type of stimulation employed, each TMS session lasts between 3.5 and 20 minutes.

Researchers believe that rTMS can alter the way that neurons communicate. This process is referred to as neuroplasticity. It allows the brain to form new connections and change the way it operates.

At present, TMS is FDA-cleared to treat depression when other therapies, including talk therapy and medication, have not worked. It has also been shown to help people with tinnitus, OCD and pain. Scientists are currently examining whether it could be used to treat anxiety and Parkinson's disease.

Although a number of different studies have found that TMS can improve depression but not everyone who gets the treatment experiences a benefit. Before beginning this treatment, it is important to undergo an exhaustive mental and medical evaluation. If you have an history of seizures or are taking certain medications, TMS might not be suitable for you.

A visit to your doctor can be beneficial if experiencing depression but aren't getting any benefit from your current treatment. You may be eligible to participate in a TMS trial or other types of neurostimulation. However, you must first try a variety of antidepressants before your insurance will cover the cost. If you're looking to learn more about these life-changing treatments, contact us now for a free consultation. Our specialists will guide you through the process of determining if TMS treatment is the right one for you.

3. Deep brain stimulation

A non-invasive therapy that rewires the brain's circuitry could be effective in as little as one week for those suffering from treatment resistant depression. Researchers have come up with new techniques that deliver high-dose electromagnetic waves to the brain quicker and with a schedule that is that is more manageable for patients.

Stanford neuromodulation therapy (SNT), that is now available at the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences' Advanced Psychiatric Therapeutics Clinic makes use of MRI imaging to direct electrodes that transmit magnetic pulses to specific areas of the brain. In a recent study, Mitra & Raichle found that in three quarters (or more) of patients suffering from depression, the normal neural activity was disrupted, shifting from the anterior cortex to the anterior cortex. SNT returned that flow back to normal within a couple of days, which coincided perfectly with the lifting of their depression.

A more in-depth procedure known as deep brain stimulation (DBS) can yield similar results for some patients. After a series of tests to determine the most appropriate location, neurosurgeons insert one or more wires, referred to as leads, into the brain. The leads are connected to a neurostimulator implanted under the collarbone, which appears to be a heart-pacemaker. The device delivers continuous electrical current to the leads which alters the brain's natural ways to Treat depression circuitry and decreases symptoms of depression.

Certain psychotherapy therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and inter-personal therapy can also help alleviate depression symptoms. Psychotherapy can be conducted in a group setting or in one-on-one sessions with a mental health professional. Therapists may also offer the option of telehealth services.

Antidepressants are the mainstay of depression treatment. In recent times, however, there have been some notable improvements in the speed at which they can help alleviate symptoms of depression. Newer drugs, such as gepirone (Exxua), esketamine (Spravato), brexanolone (Zulresso) and dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity), all have been shown to work faster than older antidepressants.

Other treatments, such as electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) or repetitive transcranial magnet stimulation (rTMS) utilize electric or magnetic stimuli to stimulate the brain. These are more complicated procedures that require under the supervision of a physician. In some instances, they could cause seizures or other serious adverse side effects.

4. Light therapy

Bright light therapy involves sitting or standing in front of an artificially bright light source. This treatment has been used for many years to treat seasonal depression as well as major depressive disorder (SAD). Research has shown that it can relieve symptoms like fatigue and sadness by regulating circadian rhythm patterns and improving mood. It is also a great option for those who experience depression that is intermittently present.

Light therapy mimics the sun, which is a key element of a biological clock referred to as suprachiasmatic (SCN). The SCN is linked to mood and light therapy may rewire misaligned circadian rhythm patterns which can cause depression. Light can also reduce Melatonin levels and help restore the function of neurotransmitters.

Some doctors employ light therapy to treat winter blues. This is a milder version of depression treatment private that is similar to SAD, but only has fewer people affected and is most prevalent in the months in which there is the least amount of daylight. They recommend sitting in front of a light therapy box each morning for 30 minutes while awake to gain the most benefits. Light therapy produces results in one week, unlike antidepressants, which can take weeks to kick in and may cause side effects such as nausea or weight increase. It is also safe for pregnant women and older adults.

Researchers caution against using light therapy under the supervision of a mental health professional or psychiatrist, as it could trigger manic episodes for people who suffer from bipolar disorders. It can also make people feel tired in the first line treatment for depression week of treatment as it can alter their sleep and wake patterns.

PCPs must be aware of new treatments that have been approved by the FDA However, they shouldn't overlook tried-and-true techniques like antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy. "The pursuit of newer and better treatments is exciting, but we must keep focusing on the most effective therapies," Dr. Hellerstein informs Healio. He says PCPs must educate their patients on the advantages of new treatments and assist them in sticking to their treatment plans. This could include arranging transportation to the doctor's office or setting reminders for patients to take their medication and attend therapy sessions.